A publication of FreedUSA.com Volume 3 Number 1 
Evolution of the Pointe   
By Michele Attfield, written by Bronya Seifert
he was very popular and very successful. Mr Freed was concerned that many of the shoes being worn didn’t appear to fit correctly, so he started the original premise of Freed “show us your foot and let us fit it”.
   Though experts at demolishing a new shoe, we had been ignorant of the materials and processes that precede our more destructive actions.  A brand-new pair of toe shoes presents itself to us as an enemy with a will of its own that must be tamed.  With the combined application of door hinges, hammer, pliers, scissors, razor blade, rubbing alcohol, warm water and muscle power – followed by repeated rapping against a cement wall – we literally bend, rip, stretch, wet, flatten a new shoe out of its hard immobility into a quieter, more passive casing for our feet.
   The making of pointe shoes progressed virtually in tandem in Italy, France, America and the UK. You had Porselli in Italy, Repetto in France, Capezio in America, and Freed and Gamba in the UK. All of these companies at the time were making hand lasted turned shoes for ballet dancers. That is to say they were all hand made inside out, on many, varying moulds, and turned in the correct way when finished. The companies who
presently dominate the market owe much to the fact that they have not abandoned this method of making shoes. However, anyone who believes that pointe shoes have remained the same is very much mistaken. From our own experience at Freed, the requirements and specifications needed to make shoes has never remained static. They have evolved to meet the choreographic needs and the physique and weight of the dancers.
   It is interesting to speculate in a chicken and egg way, whether the technique in dance shoes fired the improvement of the pointe shoe or vice versa. I believe it was probably that dance was demanding a better shoe. Dancers such as Adelene Genée and Phyllis Bedells undoubtedly started to demand more of their shoes, and we were already seeing the beginnings of the technique that these people would eventually put down on paper.
   It has to be said, and here we can touch on some of the controversy about noise, the dancers of what could be called the renaissance of the Royal Ballet, such as Margot Fonteyn, Pamela May and Moira Shearer, wore considerably lighter weight and more flexible shoes than are currently worn. It is evident that today’s dancers are working at a different technical
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